DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES:

Species-specific LTR retrotransposons were first cloned in five rare relic species of drug plants located in the Perm' region.  Sequences of LTR retrotransposons were used for PCR anal. based on amplification of repeated sequences from LTR or other sites of retrotransposons (IRAP).  Genetic diversity was studied in six populations of rare relic species of plants Adonis vernalis L. by means of the IRAP method; 125 polymorphic IRAP-markers were analyzed.  Parameters for DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity of A. vernalis populations were detd.

ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES

1) Ten flavonoid C-glycosyl derivs. including orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, isovitexin 7,2''-di-O-glucoside, isovitexin 7-O-galactoside-2''-O-glucoside, two different 6,8-di-C-hexosylapigenins, and two different 6-C-hexosyl-8-C-pentosylapigenins were obtained from flavonoid fractions of Adonis vernalis and Crataegus species or isolated from Stellaria media.  Antioxidative properties were found only for orientin and isoorientin.
 
2) A new enzyme, D-ribose 5-phosphate reductase, which catalyzes the reaction D-ribose 5-phosphate + NADPH + H+ --> D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NADP, was isolated from A. vernalis leaves.  The enzyme was obtained in 38% yield with a 71-fold purifn.  The reductase was NADPH specific and had a pH optimum in the range 5.5-6.0.  The Km for D-ribose 5-phosphate was 1.35 mM.  The enzyme also reduced D-erythrose 4-phosphate, D-erythrose, DL-glyceraldehyde, and the arom. aldehyde 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde.  Hexoses, hexose phosphates, pentoses, and dihydroxyacetone did not serve as substrates.  D-Ribose 5-phosphate reductase is distinct from other known ribitol-synthesizing enzymes detected in bacteria and yeast, and may be responsible for ribitol synthesis in A. vernalis.

3) Cardenolide content varied widely within individual plants of 1 population.  Glycoside content of root stocks was homogeneous.  The content was greater in shoots.  Content varied in single plants from various geog. locations.  Content was not homogeneous in the plant developing storage but was in max. generative plants.  Glycoside content increased with increasing no. of flowers on the plant.

PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Hojas, tallo, flores.

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Diurético, tonificante cardíaco.

POSOLOGÍA= Posology: Se puede tomar en forma de té, o preparar una tintura. El té de Adonis se prepara hirviendo de 10 a 20 gr. de la planta por litro de agua. La dosis aconsejada es de 3 tazas por día antes de las comidas.

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: The content of main chem. components (total nitrogen and carbon, sol. and polymeric sugars, org. acids, and mineral substances) were studied in the leaves of 73 boreal plant species with different types of Grime-Ramenskii strategies.  The type of ecol. strategy was demonstrated to be related to the chem. compn. of the leaf, with the substances studied falling into two groups.  The concns. of the substances belonging to the first group (nitrogen, org. acids, and mineral substances) were min. in stress-tolerant and max. in ruderal species.  With respect to the type of strategy, these concns. increased in the following series: S --> C --> R.  Conversely, the concns. of the substances of the second group (carbon and sol. sugars) decreased in this series.  The nitrogen concn. and the carbon-to-nitrogen concn. ratio in leaves may be used for identifying the types of strategies.

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: Argentina.

1) CONSELL, Danilo M. Enciclopedia de plantas que curan. Buenos Aires: Ediliba, 1987. 2 volúmenes. p. 12.

2) PYANKOV, V. I.; IVANOV, L. A.; LAMBERS, H. Chemical composition of the leaves of plants with different ecological strategies from the boreal zone. Russian Journal of Ecology (Translation of Ekologiya (Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation)). 2001, Vol.32, nº4, p.221-229.
 
3) BORONNIKOVA, S. V.; KALENDAR, R. N. Using IRAP markers for analysis of genetic variability in populations of resource and rare species of plants. Russian Journal of Genetics. 2010, Vol.46, nº1, p.36-42.
 
4) BUDZIANOWSKI, Jaromir; PAKULSKI, Grzegorz; ROBAK, Jadwiga. Studies on the antioxidative activity of some C-glycosylflavones.  Polish Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacy. 1991, Vol.43, nº5, p.395-401.
 
5) NEGM, Fayek B.; MARLOW, Gary C. Partial purification and characterization of D-ribose-5-phosphate reductase from Adonis vernalis L. leaves. Plant Physiology. 1985, Vol.78, nº4, p.758-61.

6) MATHE, A.; MATHE, I., Jr.  Data to the cardiac glycoside content of Adonis vernalis L., in Hungary.  Herba Hungarica. 1979, Vol.18, nº3, p.115-24.